Evidence reviewed as of before 01-01-2021 Author(s): Ogourtsova, T. (PhD OT); Steven, E. (MSc App OT); Iliopoulos, G. (MSc App OT); & Majnemer, A. (PhD, OT, FCAHS)

Introduction

The Vojta approach was developed by Václav Vojta, a neurologist active during the 20th century concerned with motor rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy, developmental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases. The Vojta approach is based on the principle of reflex locomotion, which he developed.

Dr. Vojta discovered that even clients with damage to their central nervous system (CNS) had consistent motor reactions to specific stimuli on different parts of the body when positioned in a certain way (supine, prone and side lying). Because he was able to help activate recurring movements that his clients were not able to do spontaneously, Dr. Vojta concluded that there may be functional blockages that can be overcome.

Reflex locomotion has 2 main phases to treat motor disfunction that involve complex activities where motor patterns can be practiced and reintegrated by the CNS. Phase 1, reflex creeping, is a movement sequence that includes the most fundamental components of locomotion. It requires the client to be positioned on their stomach and promotes movements such as postural control, extension against gravity, and goal-directed stepping movements of the arms and legs. Phase 2, reflex rolling, includes transitions from lying on the back to the side. It includes mechanisms necessary for walking, deep breathing, activation of abdominal muscles, swallowing and mastication, eye movements and control of urinary and rectal sphincters.

The Vojta approach can be used for any age and clientele with movement disturbances. It is most commonly used for newborn and young children with CP or adults with stroke. While it has been used since the mid 20th century, it is not a widely practiced technique in North America. It is most commonly used in European countries.

Parent & Family Information

Clinician Information

Children with spastic CP

GMFCS level I-III

References

  • Ha, S. Y., & Sung, Y. H. (2018). Effects of Vojta approach on diaphragm movement in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of exercise rehabilitation14(6), 1005–1009. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836498.249

Definitions

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