Articles

Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is caused by a blockage in an artery feeding the brain. Newborns who suffer a stroke may display seizures immediately, in which case they are easier to identify and support, or they may only display symptoms of the stroke in the long-term. Long-term effects of perinatal stroke may include seizures, motor impairment, developmental delay, and cognitive and behavioral problems. It is possible that brain perfusion levels can be used to detect and treat salvageable tissues, mitigating these long-term effects.

Brain development accelerates rapidly during the third trimester of gestation, and infants born before this process are vulnerable to brain injury. This injury can affect neurodevelopment, impairing later motor, social, behavioral, cognitive, and language abilities. Improved early detection of brain injuries and a deeper understanding of their full extent will allow practitioners to develop valuable therapies for improving long-term outcomes among preterm infants.

This study shows us that perfusion rate following asphyxiation does influence the extent of brain injury that leads to neurological deficits in high-risk newborns. Hypothermia is currently the only effective treatment for minimizing neurological deficits in high-risk newborns following asphyxiation. It is thought that hypothermia therapy prevents reperfusion injury by slowing the cascade of events that lead to cell death.

Enteroviral infection is the most frequently diagnosed viral infection among newborns and is treated according to its severity. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but fatal disorder of an exaggerated immune response, treated with chemotherapy or immunosuppressive agents. Because HLH is so rare, it should only be diagnosed with great care in newborn patients displaying enteroviral infection

Medical advances have allowed more newborns experiencing seizures to survive into adulthood than ever before. Early identification of children likely to develop developmental disorders following neonatal seizures will allow for early treatment, which can minimize eventual cognitive and motor delays.